good, charity to bear pain and effort, and hope to resist patiently” (Severian of Gabala, Commentary on 1 Thess, ad loc.). Faith needs to be reflected in one’s conduct, for “faith apart from works is dead” (Jas 2:26). As St John Chrysostom teaches, “belief and faith are proved by works—not by simply saying that one believes, but by real actions, which are kept up, and by a heart burning with love” (Hom. on 1 Thess, ad loc.). The service of others for God’s sake is a proof of charity. A person who
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